Yes, the events presented in the 24th chapter of Matthew refer to the Tribulation Period. The context, the theme and its details all point to the Tribulation Period.
It began with a question in verse 3: "As He was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to Him privately, saying, “Tell us, when will these things happen, and what will be the sign of Your coming, and of the end of the age?”
As you can see, the disciples were asking about eschatology, about end-time events. If you continue reading the entire chapter, there are details that specifically pinpoint to the Tribulation Period.
MT 24:8 “ But all these things are merely the beginning of birth pangs.
Birth pangs elsewhere in Scripture is associated with the Day of the Lord. Notice:
1TH 5:2 For you yourselves know full well that the day of the Lord will come just like a thief in the night.
1TH 5:3 While they are saying, “ Peace and safety!” then destruction will come upon them suddenly like labor pains upon a woman with child, and they will not escape.
Isa 13:6 Wail, for the day of the LORD is at hand! It will come as destruction from the Almighty.
Isa 13:9 Behold, the day of the LORD comes, Cruel, with both wrath and fierce anger, To lay the land desolate; And He will destroy its sinners from it.
Joe 2:31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, And the moon into blood, Before the coming of the great and awesome day of the LORD.
Joe 2:1 Blow a ram's horn in Zion, and sound an alarm in My holy mountain; let all the inhabitants of the land tremble. For the day of the LORD comes, for it is near at hand;
2 a day of darkness and of gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness,
As you can see, the distress of the Day of the Lord is likened to a woman in labor and it is a day of wrath from God.
As we continue reading Matthew 24, we further read the following:
MT 24:9 “ Then they will deliver you to tribulation, and will kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name.
MT 24:21 “For then there will be a great tribulation, such as has not occurred since the beginning of the world until now, nor ever will.
There are other details in Matthew 24 which point to the Tribulation Period as the scene described in this chapter. But all these should suffice for now.
