Ge 37:10 So he told it to his father and his brothers; and his father rebuked him and said to him, "What is this dream that you have dreamed? Shall your mother and I and your brothers indeed come to bow down to the earth before you?"
Joseph had a dream. In the dream, it is seen that his entire family is bowing down before him. Yes, his father, mother and his brothers.
Question: "How was the prophecy fulfilled? When Joseph became the governor of Egypt, his mother, Rachel, was already long dead?"
The prophecy is yet to be fulfilled. In the 1000-year reign of Christ, He will have kings and lords under Him, with Him as King of kings and Lord of lords. And Joseph will be one of them.
And during that time, Rachel, Jacob and Joseph's brothers will be raised from the dead and they will bow down to him as the prophecy said. It was already partially fulfilled (see Genesis 43:26, 28) but its full fulfillment will be at the reign of Christ when He comes again.
The Lord will reward faithful service with authority over others in the future:
Lu 19:17 "And he said to him, 'Well done, good servant; because you were faithful in a very little, have authority over ten cities.'
18 "And the second came, saying, 'Master, your mina has earned five minas.'
19 "Likewise he said to him, 'You also be over five cities.'